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Layer Stack-up Guide

Layer Type Thickness Material

Standard PCB Specifications

Parameter Standard Advanced Premium/HDI
Min Trace Width 6 mil 4 mil 3 mil
Min Space 6 mil 4 mil 3 mil
Min Hole Size 0.3 mm 0.2 mm 0.1 mm
Min Annular Ring 6 mil 4 mil 3 mil
Aspect Ratio 8:1 10:1 12:1
01 Layout

Component Placement Priority

Place components in this order: connectors at board edges, power supply components near input, high-speed ICs centrally, analog/RF sections isolated, and decoupling caps as close as possible to IC power pins.

02 Power

Power & Ground Planes

Use solid ground planes on 4+ layer boards. Keep power and ground planes adjacent for maximum decoupling. Avoid splitting ground planes unless necessary for isolation.

03 Signal

High-Speed Signal Routing

Route high-speed signals on layers adjacent to ground planes. Match trace lengths for differential pairs within 5 mils. Keep signals away from board edges and splits in reference planes.

04 Thermal

Thermal Management

Add thermal vias under high-power components (array of 0.3mm vias). Use exposed copper pads for heat dissipation. Consider 2oz copper for high-current paths.

05 EMC

EMI/EMC Best Practices

Route clock signals as short as possible. Use guard traces or ground pours around sensitive signals. Place filter components at I/O connectors. Add stitching vias around board periphery.

06 Vias

Via Usage Guidelines

Use via-in-pad only when necessary (requires filled and plated vias). For standard designs, keep vias away from pads by at least 10 mils. Use via stitching for ground connections every 1/20 wavelength for RF.

07 Analog

Analog Design Considerations

Separate analog and digital grounds, connect at single point near power entry. Use star grounding for precision analog. Keep digital signals away from analog inputs. Shield sensitive traces with ground.

08 DRC

Design Rule Verification

Run DRC before every release. Check minimum clearances, annular rings, and silk-to-pad spacing. Verify drill-to-copper clearances. Test impedance-controlled nets against stackup.

01 Panelization

Panel Design for Manufacturing

Add 5mm rails with tooling holes (min 3.2mm). Use V-scoring for straight edges, tab routing for complex shapes. Add fiducials on panel and individual boards. Include breakaway tabs every 50-75mm.

02 Holes

Drill & Hole Guidelines

Minimum PTH: 0.2mm finished. Keep aspect ratio ≤10:1. Add 0.1mm to finished hole size for tolerance. Annular ring minimum: 0.15mm (standard) or 0.1mm (advanced). Slot minimum width: 0.5mm.

03 Copper

Copper Feature Requirements

Min trace: 0.1mm (4mil) standard. Maintain uniform copper balance (40-60% per layer). Add copper thieving in sparse areas. Teardrop connections improve yield. Avoid acute angles <45°.

04 Soldermask

Solder Mask Specifications

Minimum solder mask dam: 0.1mm. Solder mask expansion from pad: 0.05mm typical. Define solder mask clearance for BGA pads (SMD vs NSMD). Specify mask over via requirements clearly.

05 Silkscreen

Silkscreen Guidelines

Minimum line width: 0.15mm. Minimum text height: 0.8mm. Keep 0.15mm clearance from pads. Use vector fonts, not TrueType. Include reference designators, polarity marks, pin 1 indicators, and assembly revision.

06 Files

Manufacturing File Package

Include: Gerber RS-274X or Gerber X2, NC drill files (Excellon), IPC-D-356 netlist, stackup drawing, fab drawing with notes, assembly drawings, BOM, and pick-and-place centroid file.

07 Clearance

Board Edge & Clearances

Keep copper 0.25mm from board edge (routed) or 0.4mm (V-scored). Components minimum 2mm from edge. Via minimum 0.5mm from edge. Add keepout zones under mounting hardware.

08 Assembly

Design for Assembly

Orient similar components consistently. Group SMD on one side if possible. Provide adequate spacing for rework (2mm between ICs). Add test points for critical signals. Include polarity indicators for all polarized components.

Pre-Production DFM Checklist

All trace widths meet minimum requirements (≥4 mil)
Trace spacing meets clearance rules (≥4 mil)
All drill holes have adequate annular rings
Copper clearance from board edge ≥0.25mm
Solder mask dams ≥0.1mm between pads
Silkscreen text height ≥0.8mm, width ≥0.15mm
Silkscreen does not overlap exposed pads
Via aspect ratio within limits (≤10:1)
All fiducial markers placed (3 per panel/board)
Tooling holes included (≥3.2mm diameter)
Gerber files verified in viewer software
NC drill file matches Gerber drill layers
BOM matches schematic component values
Pick-and-place centroid file generated
Assembly drawing with polarity marks complete
Stackup requirements documented
DFM Readiness 0%